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Thailand’s Economic Growth Slows Amid Trade Policy Risks

Thailand’s economic growth in 2024 was weaker than expected, continuing to lag behind its regional neighbors as it faces global trade policy challenges and sluggish domestic demand.

GDP Growth Below Expectations

The National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC) reported that Thailand’s economy grew 2.5% last year, falling short of the 2.7% median estimate from a Bloomberg survey. While this was an improvement from the revised 2% expansion in 2023, it still positions Thailand as a growth laggard in the region.

In the fourth quarter, GDP rose 3.2% year-over-year, below economists’ forecast of 3.8%. On a quarterly basis, the economy expanded by 0.4%, missing the 0.5% median estimate.

Trade Policy and Economic Vulnerabilities

Despite a recovery in tourism and exports, household consumption and manufacturing remain under pressure. The latest phase of U.S. President Donald Trump’s tariff policy and ongoing U.S.-China trade tensions pose significant risks to Thailand, given its substantial trade surplus with the U.S. and the influx of cheap Chinese imports.

Bank of Thailand Governor Sethaput Suthiwartnarueput highlighted trade policy spillover effects as a major concern. “Import flooding is a factor constraining Thailand’s recovery,” he said, noting that many Thai factories have been unable to compete with low-cost imports and have shut down in recent years.

Thailand’s Trade Surplus with the U.S.

Thailand posted a trade surplus of $35.4 billion with the U.S. in 2024. To avoid potential tariffs, the government plans to increase imports of U.S. ethane and agricultural products to balance trade relations and prevent economic fallout from new U.S. trade policies.

Economic Forecast for 2025

The NESDC maintained its growth projection of 2.3%-3.3% for 2025, with expectations of a 3.3% increase in private spending and a 1.3% rise in government consumption. NESDC chief Danucha Pichayanan acknowledged the risks from U.S. trade policies, stating, “We will monitor closely and come up with measures to negotiate with the U.S. We are under the spotlight as we recorded a high trade surplus versus the U.S.”

Domestic Policy Measures

Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra is pushing for economic stimulus measures, including cash handouts, and is pressuring the Bank of Thailand to cut interest rates to spur growth. The central bank held its policy rate at 2.25% in December after an unexpected quarter-point cut in October and is scheduled to review the rate again on February 26.

Market Reaction

The Thai baht remained stable after the economic data release, while the main stock index opened lower, reflecting investor concerns about Thailand’s economic outlook.

Thailand’s economic recovery remains fragile, with trade policy uncertainties and weak domestic consumption continuing to weigh on growth. The government’s strategy to navigate global trade tensions and stimulate the domestic economy will be critical in shaping the country’s financial future.

US Stocks Steady as S&P 500 Nears Record High

US stocks remained little changed on Friday, with the S&P 500 edging close to a fresh record following a week of significant economic updates, tariff hikes, and disappointing retail sales data.

Market Performance

The S&P 500 (^GSPC) hovered near the flatline, while the Nasdaq Composite (^IXIC) showed little movement. Meanwhile, the Dow Jones Industrial Average (^DJI) dropped 0.3% following Thursday’s strong gains.

Retail Sales Decline

Retail sales posted their largest monthly decline in a year, falling 0.9% in January—well below the 0.9% expected by analysts. This added to investor concerns, wrapping up a week dominated by inflation data and ongoing interest rate discussions.

Policy Shifts and Market Reactions

Markets took a moment to digest a fast-moving series of policy changes from President Donald Trump, which included:

  • New 25% tariffs on steel and aluminum.
  • Ongoing peace negotiations between Ukraine and Russia.
  • A review of CHIPS Act terms for semiconductor projects.

Despite the uncertainty, stocks remain on track for solid weekly gains, boosted by Wall Street’s positive reaction to the delay in implementing reciprocal tariffs.

S&P 500 Eyes New Record

The S&P 500 is now within reach of an all-time high, closing just shy of the 6,118.71 record.

Major Stock Movers

  • Airbnb (ABNB): Shares surged after the company beat analyst expectations.
  • GameStop (GME): Stock popped amid speculation about a potential move into bitcoin.
  • Moderna (MRNA): Shares dropped after the company posted a larger-than-expected earnings loss.

As the week comes to a close, investors continue to weigh economic data, policy shifts, and corporate earnings. With the S&P 500 eyeing a record high, attention will remain on upcoming market catalysts, including further inflation updates and potential interest rate moves.

US Moves Toward Engineering a Russia-Ukraine Peace Deal

It appears increasingly likely that the United States will play a significant role in brokering a peace deal between Russia and Ukraine, regardless of European perspectives on the matter. Investors have already begun factoring in the possibility, as seen in the rising price of GDP-linked warrants tied to Ukraine’s restructured bonds.

Market Signals and Investor Sentiment

Goldman Sachs has translated the pricing of these financial instruments into an implied probability of a peace deal, offering insight into market expectations. Although no details have emerged regarding the nature of such a truce, analysts are now evaluating its potential economic impact.

Economic Implications of a Peace Deal

According to Goldman Sachs, a peace agreement—whether limited or comprehensive—could have major economic consequences. Their analysis outlines two scenarios: a gradual resolution of the war or a sweeping, credible agreement.

Natural Gas Markets

One of the most significant economic channels would be through natural gas markets. Analysts foresee two possible outcomes:

  • A limited gas flow scenario, where prices decline by 15%, reducing inflation by 0.15 percentage points and boosting Euro area GDP by 0.1%.
  • An upside scenario, where gas prices fall by 50%, leading to an inflation drop of 0.5 percentage points and a GDP boost of 0.34%.

Consumer Confidence and Spending

While consumer confidence in the Euro area plummeted following the outbreak of the war, a ceasefire could lead to a modest rebound. However, analysts suggest that high inflation played a larger role in depressing confidence than geopolitical risks, implying limited gains in real GDP.

Reconstruction and Economic Growth

Ukraine’s reconstruction could further stimulate economic activity across Europe. Estimates indicate that rebuilding efforts may contribute between 0.02% and 0.08% to the Euro area’s GDP.

Refugee Repatriation and Labor Market Shifts

Since the war began, 2.6 million Ukrainian refugees have moved into the Euro area, increasing the region’s labor supply by 0.4% while also generating public spending equivalent to 0.2% of GDP annually. A ceasefire could result in the return of 15-50% of these refugees, potentially reducing Euro area GDP by up to 0.21%, with Germany experiencing the largest impact.

Financial Markets and European Growth

War-related uncertainty caused a tightening of financial conditions, lowering equity prices and bond yields. A ceasefire could partially reverse these trends, boosting Euro area GDP by an estimated 0.06% to 0.13%.

Overall Economic Impact

Goldman Sachs projects that a limited ceasefire scenario could increase Euro area GDP by 0.2%, while a more comprehensive agreement could result in a 0.5% boost. Country-specific estimates indicate a GDP increase of approximately 0.1% in Germany and 0.2% in France, Italy, and Spain under a limited agreement.

Monetary Policy and Market Response

Given the modest growth and inflationary impacts, a ceasefire is unlikely to significantly alter the European Central Bank’s (ECB) monetary policy. However, it may reduce downside risks to economic growth, especially if a full peace deal materializes.

Investment Opportunities in a Post-War Europe

According to Barclays analysts, European equities could benefit from the resolution of the conflict. The UK bank’s portfolio of stocks expected to gain from Ukraine’s reconstruction has already shown strong performance, reflecting investor optimism.

American investors, many of whom reduced their exposure to European markets due to the war, may consider re-entering if the conflict ends. Barclays notes that a significant “war risk premium” remains across EU markets, with the euro-dollar exchange rate still 10% below pre-invasion levels. Additionally, the war has contributed to higher government deficits and economic stagnation.

Defense Spending and Long-Term Investment

Despite potential economic benefits from peace, defense spending in Europe is expected to remain high. Barclays suggests that while the EU defense sector may see some profit-taking, the long-term growth outlook remains strong, particularly with continued pressure on NATO members to increase military budgets.

Potential for Russian Market Reopening

Another aspect to watch is the fate of JEMA, the JPMorgan Emerging Europe, Middle East, and Africa Securities Trust. Previously focused on Russian markets, the fund was forced to write down its Russian assets to zero and rebrand itself after sanctions were imposed. If a peace deal leads to the rollback of sanctions, those holdings could regain value quickly.

Conclusion

As the probability of a US-engineered peace deal increases, investors and policymakers are beginning to assess its broader economic implications. While the immediate gains for Europe may be modest, the long-term benefits of stability, reduced inflation, and revived investor confidence could be significant.

Japan’s Inflation Surge Signals Possible Rate Hikes

Japan’s wholesale inflation jumped to a seven-month high of 4.2% in January, marking its fifth consecutive month of acceleration. This sustained price pressure is increasing speculation that the Bank of Japan (BOJ) will implement further interest rate hikes this year. However, analysts remain divided, balancing inflation concerns against potential risks to consumer spending.

Rising Prices and BOJ’s Inflation Worries

The latest inflation data arrived just after BOJ Governor Kazuo Ueda highlighted the risk that persistent food cost increases could influence public expectations of inflation. “Continued rises in food costs could affect the public’s inflation expectations,” Ueda warned, signaling the central bank’s vigilance on inflationary risks.

Pressure from Rising Raw Material Costs

January’s rise in the corporate goods price index (CGPI), which measures business-to-business price changes, exceeded market expectations, hitting 4.2% against a forecasted 4.0%. December had already seen a 3.9% increase. Agricultural goods led the charge, soaring 36.2%, while food costs climbed 2.9%, reflecting steady hikes in rice, eggs, and meat prices.

Energy prices also saw upward pressure as government subsidies were phased out. The inflation surge extended beyond food and energy, with increases recorded in textiles, plastics, and non-ferrous metals.

Wage Growth vs. Consumer Spending Concerns

Despite solid wage growth, higher food and energy costs are straining household budgets. Takeshi Minami, chief economist at Norinchukin Research Institute, explained the challenge: “While wages are rising solidly, elevated food and energy costs are weighing on consumer sentiment and delaying a pick-up in household spending.” He added that there is “little reason for the BOJ to accelerate the pace of rate hikes.”

Weaker Yen Adds to Import Costs

The yen’s depreciation continues to inflate costs for businesses reliant on imports. An index tracking yen-based import prices showed a 2.3% year-on-year increase in January, up from December’s revised 1.4% gain. The weakening yen, driven in part by higher-than-expected U.S. inflation data, pushed the dollar to a one-week high of 154.44 yen.

Interest Rate Hike Expectations

With persistent inflation, expectations for a BOJ rate hike are intensifying. Japanese government bond yields have risen, with the benchmark 10-year yield briefly reaching a 15-year high of 1.37%. Analysts estimate an 80% probability of a BOJ rate hike by July.

Naomi Muguruma, chief bond strategist at Mitsubishi UFJ Morgan Stanley Securities, expects the BOJ to continue tightening monetary policy, stating, “I don’t think Japan is yet at a stage where the BOJ is forced to cool demand through rate hikes. But companies are likely to keep passing on rising raw material and labor costs, which means the BOJ will raise interest rates at least to levels deemed neutral to the economy.”

Outlook for Japan’s Monetary Policy

The BOJ ended its decade-long stimulus program last year and raised short-term rates to 0.5% in January, citing confidence in Japan’s ability to sustain 2% inflation. Core consumer inflation remained at 3.0% in December, marking 16 months of sustained price growth above the BOJ’s target.

While the BOJ primarily targets consumer inflation, rising wholesale prices will eventually translate to higher consumer costs. A private survey revealed that most economists expect the BOJ to raise rates to 0.75% in the latter half of 2025.

Conclusion: The Balancing Act Ahead

Japan’s economic policymakers face a delicate balancing act. On one hand, persistent inflationary pressure may justify further rate hikes. On the other, rising costs threaten consumer sentiment and economic growth. As businesses pass on higher costs, all eyes are on the BOJ’s next move and how it will navigate Japan’s evolving economic landscape.

UK Economy Poised for Growth but Faces Tariff Risks

UK Growth Forecast Revised Upward

The British economy is now expected to expand by 1.5% in 2025, according to a new report from the National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR). This marks an upgrade from the previous 1.2% estimate, largely attributed to increased public spending following Chancellor Rachel Reeves’s budget measures.

The more optimistic outlook is welcome news after a month of disappointing economic figures, but NIESR warns that global trade tensions could derail the recovery. Specifically, President Donald Trump’s aggressive tariff policies—such as the newly imposed 25% levies on steel and aluminum—could shave growth down to 1.3% or lower if UK businesses are directly affected.

Tariffs Could Disrupt UK Businesses

Trump’s recent trade actions, including a 10% tariff on Chinese imports and planned 25% tariffs on Mexico and Canada, have already been paused temporarily, but their long-term impact remains uncertain. The thinktank warns that if protectionist policies intensify, the British pound could weaken, raising import costs and driving inflation higher.

According to a survey by the British Chambers of Commerce (BCC), 63% of UK manufacturers exporting to the U.S. expect to be affected by these tariffs, while 34% of all British businesses anticipate some level of disruption. The direct costs of the tariffs, along with the broader effects on global trade demand, are raising concerns among industry leaders.

“We have entered a new global era when it comes to tariffs after a prolonged period where trade liberalisation has been the watchword,” said William Bain, head of trade policy at the BCC. “There is still a lot of uncertainty around what is going to happen, especially as the U.S. approach appears to have both trade and geopolitical aims.”

Interest Rate Cuts May Be Limited

Higher inflation from trade tariffs could further restrict economic growth, with NIESR predicting that global GDP expansion will remain at 3.2% in 2025, the same as the previous year. The report also suggests that the Bank of England will have little room to maneuver in cutting interest rates, keeping them at relatively high levels for longer.

Currently, NIESR expects only one additional rate cut in 2025, bringing borrowing costs down to 4.25%, before settling at 4% in 2026. This projection is more conservative than City investors’ expectations, which anticipate two cuts this year in May and August.

The Bank of England has already lowered rates once this year, reducing them from 4.75% to 4.5%. However, it also slashed its 2025 UK growth forecast to 0.75%, a figure that NIESR believes is overly pessimistic given the government’s planned £70 billion fiscal injection.

Public Spending and Wages Offer Some Relief

Despite the risks, the UK economy is expected to see a 1% rise in growth per capita this year, supported by wage increases that are projected to outpace inflation. NIESR estimates real disposable incomes will climb by 1.9%, providing some relief to British households.

The government’s ability to manage spending effectively will be critical, with higher tax receipts helping Chancellor Reeves meet budget rules on reducing overall debt. However, uncertainty remains over how economic conditions will evolve, particularly with Trump’s trade policies still unfolding.

Looking Ahead

With the next full forecast due on March 26, businesses and policymakers will be closely watching developments in the U.S. trade stance and inflation trends. Catherine Mann, a member of the Bank of England’s monetary policy committee, has suggested that further rate cuts could be considered if wage growth weakens later in the year.

For now, the UK economy appears resilient, but external pressures—particularly from U.S. tariffs—could present significant challenges in the months ahead.

AI Assistants Found Spreading Misinformation in News Responses

Leading artificial intelligence assistants are generating misleading content, factual inaccuracies, and distortions when responding to questions about current affairs, according to a BBC study.

Key Findings of the Research

The study examined responses from four popular AI tools—ChatGPT, Copilot, Gemini, and Perplexity—to 100 questions using BBC articles as sources. BBC journalists then assessed the accuracy of the responses.

  • More than 50% of AI-generated answers had significant issues.
  • About 20% contained factual errors in numbers, dates, or statements.
  • 13% of quotes attributed to the BBC were either altered or entirely fabricated.

Examples of AI Misinformation

  • Outdated political information: ChatGPT claimed Rishi Sunak was still the UK Prime Minister and Nicola Sturgeon remained Scotland’s First Minister.
  • False NHS guidance: Gemini inaccurately stated, “The NHS advises people not to start vaping, and recommends that smokers who want to quit use other methods.”
  • Incorrect legal reporting: Copilot falsely reported that French rape victim Gisèle Pelicot uncovered crimes against her after experiencing blackouts, when in reality, police informed her.
  • Distorted crime reporting: ChatGPT stated that Ismail Haniyeh was still part of Hamas leadership months after his assassination.
  • Misreported deaths: Perplexity provided the wrong death date for Michael Mosley and misquoted a family statement about Liam Payne.

BBC Calls for Responsible AI Use

Following these findings, Deborah Turness, the BBC’s CEO for News, warned that “Gen AI tools are playing with fire” and risk eroding public trust in facts.

Turness questioned whether AI systems were ready “to scrape and serve news without distorting and contorting the facts.” She urged AI firms to collaborate with news organizations like the BBC to improve accuracy and prevent misinformation.

Industry-Wide Concerns

The study follows a similar controversy involving Apple News, which was forced to suspend BBC-branded news alerts after multiple inaccurate summaries were sent to iPhone users.

In a foreword to the research, Peter Archer, the BBC’s program director for generative AI, called for AI companies to show transparency in how they process news and acknowledge inaccuracies in their responses.

“Publishers, like the BBC, should have control over whether and how their content is used,” Archer stated. “This will require strong partnerships between AI and media companies.”

The companies behind ChatGPT, Copilot, Gemini, and Perplexity have been approached for comment.

Türkiye’s Industrial Production Rises 7% in December

Türkiye’s industrial production grew by 7% in December 2024 compared to the previous year, according to data from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) released on Monday. The increase was driven by gains in manufacturing, mining, and energy production.

Sector-Wise Growth in December

Among the industrial sub-sectors, the annual growth rates were as follows:

  • Mining and quarrying: +1.8%
  • Manufacturing: +6.8%
  • Electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply: +11.4%

Monthly Industrial Growth

On a monthly basis (compared to November 2024), Türkiye’s industrial production rose by 5%, reflecting a positive trend:

  • Mining and quarrying: +2.2%
  • Manufacturing: +5.6%
  • Electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply: +0.4%

Conclusion

The strong industrial production figures indicate continued economic recovery in Türkiye, particularly in manufacturing and energy. The upward trend in monthly growth suggests sustained momentum heading into 2025.

Pinterest Posts Strong Q4 Revenue Growth

Pinterest (PINS) reported revenue of $1.15 billion for the quarter ended December 2024, reflecting a 17.6% increase year-over-year. However, while revenue exceeded analyst expectations, earnings per share (EPS) fell short of estimates.

Key Financial Highlights

  • Revenue: $1.15 billion (vs. $1.14 billion expected) — a +1.37% surprise
  • EPS: $0.56 (vs. $0.63 expected) — a -11.11% miss

Despite the earnings miss, revenue growth remains strong, indicating increased user engagement and higher monetization across global markets.

User Growth and Engagement

Pinterest’s Monthly Active Users (MAUs) showed mixed results:

  • Global MAUs: 553 million (vs. 549 million expected)
  • U.S. & Canada MAUs: 101 million (vs. 100 million expected)
  • Europe MAUs: 145 million (vs. 142 million expected)
  • International MAUs: 307 million (vs. 308 million expected)

Revenue Per User (ARPU) Exceeds Expectations

Pinterest continued to improve its ability to monetize its user base, with Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) surpassing estimates:

  • Global ARPU: $2.12 (vs. $2.08 expected)
  • U.S. & Canada ARPU: $9.00 (vs. $8.97 expected)
  • Europe ARPU: $1.38 (vs. $1.34 expected)
  • Rest of World ARPU: $0.19 (vs. $0.18 expected)

Geographic Revenue Breakdown

  • U.S. & Canada: $900 million (+15.5% YoY, vs. $892.98 million expected)
  • Europe: $196 million (+21% YoY, vs. $190.28 million expected)
  • Rest of World: $58 million (+41.5% YoY, vs. $53.89 million expected)

Stock Performance and Outlook

Shares of Pinterest have climbed 7.9% over the past month, outperforming the Zacks S&P 500 composite’s +2.1% gain.

The stock currently holds a Zacks Rank #3 (Hold), suggesting it may trade in line with the broader market in the near term. While the revenue beat is encouraging, investors may remain cautious about future earnings performance.

Conclusion

Pinterest delivered solid revenue growth and strong user engagement, with key ARPU and MAU metrics exceeding expectations. However, the EPS miss raises questions about profitability and cost management. Going forward, investors will be watching for continued improvements in monetization and operational efficiency.

DeepSeek AI’s $6M Claim: Innovation or a Strategic Illusion?

DeepSeek AI’s claim of developing a cutting-edge AI model for just $6 million is misleading and calculated. China has a long history of presenting questionable technological advancements with suspiciously low costs, often as part of a broader strategy to manipulate global markets and challenge U.S. tech supremacy. This isn’t a breakthrough—it’s a well-orchestrated illusion.

China’s Track Record of Tech Deception

This isn’t the first time China has made bold but dubious technological claims. The infamous Hanxin microchip scam and the “three-second battery” debacle serve as reminders that not all Chinese tech advancements are as they seem. These so-called innovations were carefully staged to influence international perceptions and markets.

DeepSeek AI’s low-cost AI model follows this same pattern. It aims to cast doubt on U.S. innovation while positioning China as a cost-effective leader in artificial intelligence. But beneath the surface, the reality is far more complex.

China’s $1.4 Trillion AI Investment

China isn’t just playing the AI game—it’s trying to control the board. The Chinese government has pledged over $1.4 trillion toward AI development by 2030, heavily subsidizing domestic AI firms to accelerate their dominance.

But the strategy extends beyond funding. China has systematically acquired U.S. intellectual property through:

  • Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in tech firms
  • Venture Capital (VC) investments in U.S. startups
  • Joint ventures with foreign companies
  • Licensing agreements that force foreign firms to share IP
  • Cyber espionage and targeted intellectual property theft
  • Recruitment of U.S. experts and researchers to work in China

These tactics have cost the U.S. economy an estimated $600 billion annually, reinforcing concerns that China’s AI ambitions rely more on acquisition than genuine innovation.

The Reality of China’s AI Capabilities

While China wants to present itself as an AI leader, its heavy reliance on foreign GPUs and advanced semiconductor imports exposes a significant weakness. Despite its aggressive AI push, China still depends on U.S. and Western technologies to fuel its advancements.

DeepSeek AI’s narrative is part of a broader effort to position China as a more affordable alternative to U.S. innovation. However, without access to cutting-edge semiconductor technology, China’s AI development remains constrained.

Conclusion

DeepSeek AI’s $6M claim isn’t a story of efficiency—it’s a calculated move in China’s ongoing AI chess match against the United States. By pushing an illusion of cost-effective superiority, China seeks to undermine confidence in U.S. technology while continuing to rely on foreign advancements. As the AI race intensifies, the world must remain skeptical of China’s too-good-to-be-true claims.

67 Killed in Midair Collision Near Washington D.C.

A midair collision between an Army helicopter and an American Airlines flight from Kansas killed all 67 people aboard, officials said Thursday, marking the deadliest U.S. aviation disaster in a generation.

Authorities recovered at least 28 bodies from the icy Potomac River after the helicopter apparently flew into the jet’s path late Wednesday as it was landing at Ronald Reagan National Airport. The American Airlines flight carried 60 passengers and four crew members, while three soldiers were aboard the military aircraft.

Investigation Underway

President Donald Trump confirmed there were no survivors, saying in a White House news conference, “We are now at the point where we are switching from a rescue operation to a recovery operation.”

Rescue teams found the plane upside-down in three sections in waist-deep water. Officials were searching as far south as the Woodrow Wilson Bridge, approximately three miles from the airport. The helicopter wreckage was also located nearby.

“On final approach into Reagan National, it collided with a military aircraft on an otherwise normal approach,” American Airlines CEO Robert Isom said.

Questions Over Military Aircraft’s Altitude

Army aviation officials said the Black Hawk helicopter’s pilots were highly experienced and familiar with Washington’s airspace.

“Both pilots had flown this specific route before, at night. This wasn’t something new to either one of them,” said Army Chief of Staff Jonathan Koziol.

The helicopter’s maximum allowed altitude at the time of the crash was 200 feet above ground, a factor Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth said could have contributed to the collision. However, Koziol cautioned that investigators must analyze flight data before drawing conclusions.

Trump Blames Biden-Era FAA Policies

President Trump observed a moment of silence for the victims but quickly shifted to attacking diversity initiatives at the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Without evidence, he claimed that air traffic controllers and military pilots were not properly trained due to FAA hiring practices emphasizing diversity.

The FAA declined to comment on Trump’s accusations, stating that the investigation is ongoing.

Airport Disruptions and Eyewitness Accounts

Flights at Reagan National Airport resumed by midday Thursday, but passengers faced widespread cancellations. Information boards were covered in red cancellation messages.

“I’ve been crying since yesterday,” said stranded passenger Aster Andemicael. “This is devastating.”

Largest U.S. Air Crash Since 2001

Wednesday’s collision is the deadliest U.S. plane crash since November 12, 2001, when an American Airlines flight crashed in New York’s Belle Harbor neighborhood, killing 260 people.

In 2009, a Bombardier DHC-8 crash near Buffalo, New York, claimed 50 lives, marking the last major fatal U.S. commercial airline accident.

Collision Occurred in Restricted Airspace

The crash happened in tightly controlled airspace just three miles from the White House and Capitol.

Flight-tracking data showed that American Airlines Flight 5342 was descending at 400 feet when it suddenly lost altitude over the Potomac. Air traffic controllers had asked the pilots to land on a shorter runway moments before impact.

Less than 30 seconds before the collision, an air traffic controller asked the helicopter pilot if he had the incoming jet in sight. The controller then instructed the helicopter to “pass behind the CRJ,” according to radio transmissions.

Seconds later, the aircraft collided, sending both into the river. Investigators are now reviewing the flight recorders to determine what went wrong.